2017考研趣味閱讀：美國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)新物質(zhì)“比鉆石還硬”

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美國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)新物質(zhì)“比鉆石還硬”

Scientists Create a Substance Harder Than Diamonds

There is a new substance that is harder than diamond. It's called Q-carbon, and it was created by researchers at North Carolina State University.

北卡羅萊納州立大學(xué)的研究人員研發(fā)出一種名為“Q-碳”的新物質(zhì)，其硬度比鉆石還高。

"The only place it may be found in the natural world would be possibly in the core of some planets," Jay Narayan, lead author on the papers describing the work, said in a statement.

研究論文的第一作者杰伊·納拉楊在聲明中說：“自然界中，可能也就只有在某些行星的內(nèi)核處能找到這種物質(zhì)了。”

Before its discovery, there were two distinct forms of solid carbon: graphite and diamond. Q-carbon is not only harder than diamond, but also glows when exposed to low levels of energy. That could make it very useful for creating strong, bright screens for electronic devices.

該物質(zhì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)前，固體碳只有兩種不同形態(tài)：石墨和鉆石。Q-碳不僅硬度比鉆石高，處于低能量狀態(tài)下還能發(fā)光。這種特性使它尤其適用于制造電子設(shè)備堅硬、明亮的顯示屏。

Researchers created the Q-carbon by blasting material covered in amorphous carbon (i.e. carbon without a crystalline structure) with a single laser pulse.

要想生成Q-碳，研究人員需利用單脈沖激光沖激材料表面的無定形碳(即無晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的碳)。

They can cool the material to create either Q-carbon or tiny diamonds. Those diamonds could be used to build things such as microneedles for medical use, or electronics that can withstand extremely high temperatures for other industries.

然后將材料冷卻，即可得到Q-碳或碎鉆。這種鉆石可以用來制作醫(yī)用微型針頭，或是用來制造能耐極端高溫的工業(yè)電子元件。

"And it is all done at room temperature and at ambient atmosphere — we're basically using a laser like the ones used for laser eye surgery," Narayan said. "So, not only does this allow us to develop new applications, but the process itself is relatively inexpensive."

“這一系列過程都是在室溫和普通的大氣環(huán)境下完成的，我們所用的激光也和眼部激光手術(shù)用的那種差不多，”納拉楊說道。“因此，我們不僅能繼續(xù)研發(fā)這種物質(zhì)的新用途，而且研發(fā)成本也相對低廉。”

Vocabulary

graphite：石墨

microneedle：顯微操作針