2016考研英語：翻譯常見問題之如何進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換？

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在解答考研英語翻譯題目時(shí)，有些句子，因?yàn)橛⒄Z與漢語表達(dá)方式的差異，不能逐字翻譯，需要考生在翻譯時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換詞類，是漢語的譯文通順自然。

(1)轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞

1)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞

經(jīng)典例題: Interest in historical methods has arisen，less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

分析:interest在原文中是名詞，而在譯文中為了符合中文的表達(dá)方式，在不改變意思的前提下，將它改成動(dòng)詞。

參考譯文: 人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)家們內(nèi)部分歧過大，其次才是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)科。(1999年真題)

經(jīng)典例題: With the click of a mouse，information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second.

參考譯文: 只要一點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)，來自世界另一端的信息便會(huì)以每秒繞地球七周半的驚人速度傳輸?shù)侥愕碾娔X屏幕上。

2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞

經(jīng)典例題: Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

參考譯文: 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對(duì)容易)所造成的種種問題也會(huì)增加社會(huì)壓力。(2000年真題)

經(jīng)典例題: Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 參考譯文: 醫(yī)生們說他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

經(jīng)典例題: Success is dependent on his effort. 參考譯文: 成功與否取決于他的努力。

3)副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞

經(jīng)典例題: She opened the window to let fresh air in. 參考譯文: 她把窗子打開，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。

4)介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞

經(jīng)典例題: Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS. 參考譯文: 許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室正在研制治療艾滋病的藥物。

經(jīng)典例題: “Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn，up the path，up the steps，across the veranda，and into the porch. 參考譯文: “來了!”她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦著跳著地跑了，越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺(tái)階，穿過涼臺(tái)，進(jìn)了門廊。

(2)轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞

1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞

經(jīng)典例題: The university aims at the first rate of the world. 參考譯文學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是世界一流。

經(jīng)典例題: The net and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free_fancers，and this will affect social structure in a big way.參考譯文: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電子商業(yè)將會(huì)造就一大批自由職業(yè)者，從而將對(duì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

經(jīng)典例題: Numerous abstentions marked the French elections. 參考譯文: 這次法國選舉的特點(diǎn)是棄權(quán)的人多。

2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞

經(jīng)典例題: They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 參考譯文: 他們盡了最大努力幫助病號(hào)和傷號(hào)。

經(jīng)典例題: The different production cost is closely associated with the sources of power. 參考譯文: 生產(chǎn)成本的差異與能源密切相關(guān)。

3)代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞

經(jīng)典例題: According to a growing body of evidence，the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids，ending up in your body.

分析: your body直譯是“你的身體”，而細(xì)讀原文，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)your body是泛指人體。作者為了引起與讀者的共鳴，用了與讀者更息息相關(guān)的your。在翻譯時(shí)，應(yīng)將此代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞，體現(xiàn)其真實(shí)含義。

參考譯文 越來越多的證據(jù)表明，許多塑料制品的化學(xué)成分會(huì)移動(dòng)到食物或流體上去，最終進(jìn)入人體內(nèi)。

經(jīng)典例題: Though we can’t see it，there is air all around us.參考譯文雖然我們看不見空氣，可我們周圍到處都有空氣。

4)副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞

經(jīng)典例題: The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure1. 參考譯文 圖一所示是這種新型機(jī)器的簡圖。

經(jīng)典例題: Internally the earth consists of two parts，a core and a mantle.參考譯文地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成:地核和地幔。

(3)轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞

1)副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞

經(jīng)典例題: The engineer had prepared meticulously for his design. 參考譯文: 工程師為這次設(shè)計(jì)做了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。

經(jīng)典例題: When tables and other materials are included，they should be conveniently placed，so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.

參考譯文: 當(dāng)書中列有表格或其他參考資料時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)將這些內(nèi)容編排在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫�以便使學(xué)生在查閱時(shí)，不必翻太多的書頁。

2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞

經(jīng)典例題: Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers. 參考譯文: 絕大部分青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和操作電腦方面并不覺得困難。

經(jīng)典例題: The instrument has been welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability，reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.

參考譯文: 該儀器性能穩(wěn)定，操作可靠，維護(hù)方便，因而受到用戶的歡迎。

(4)轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞

經(jīng)典例題: The wide application of electronic machines in scientific work，in designing and in economic calculations will free man from the labor of complicated computations.

參考譯文: 在科學(xué)研究、設(shè)計(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)算方面廣泛地應(yīng)用電子計(jì)算機(jī)可以使人們從繁重的計(jì)算勞動(dòng)中解放出來。

經(jīng)典例題: By dialing the right number，you may be able to select a play，golf lesson or lecture in physics，from a pre-taped library in a remote city，for showing on your home screen.

參考譯文: 只要撥對(duì)了號(hào)碼，你就可以在家里電視機(jī)上選看到由遠(yuǎn)方城市一座圖書館發(fā)出的預(yù)先錄制的一出戲，一堂打高爾夫球的講課，或者一次物理學(xué)講演。