2016考研英語(yǔ)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)的八類(lèi)情況

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要想攻克長(zhǎng)難句，掌握必要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)尤為重要。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的形式包括動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，它們?cè)诰渥又锌梢猿洚?dāng)不同的句子成分，下面我們具體談?wù)劮衷~作狀語(yǔ)的八類(lèi)情況。

一、表時(shí)間,可以和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句互換。如：

Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.=

When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. =

When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.

二、表原因,可以和原因狀語(yǔ)從句互換。如：

Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. =

Because I did not know her address, I wasn’t able to contact her.

三、表?xiàng)l件,可以和條件狀語(yǔ)從句互換。如：

Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.=

If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.

四、表讓步，可以和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句互換。如：

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =

Although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

五、表方式，如：

He earns a living driving a truck.

I’m returning you letter as requested.

六、表伴隨，如：

Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.(考研閱讀真題2014 Text 1)

在這個(gè)句子中，delighted分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示去求職中心的狀態(tài)。

七、表結(jié)果，分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)在考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，并作為因果邏輯關(guān)系的考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在題干和選項(xiàng)中，請(qǐng)大家一定要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的這種語(yǔ)法功能。如：

The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. (考研閱讀真題2014 Text 2)

在這句話中，tempting分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示最好的律師掙錢(qián)很多這種現(xiàn)象帶來(lái)的結(jié)果是引起更多學(xué)生考法律學(xué)校。題干中的問(wèn)題是A lot of students take up law as their profession due to，即學(xué)生學(xué)法律專業(yè)的原因是什么，這個(gè)問(wèn)題從上句話中就可以找出答案，是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)的吸引，即選項(xiàng)the attraction of financial rewards。

By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 1)

在這個(gè)句子中，shaking 分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示品牌綁架時(shí)尚圈的后果。

Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 3)

在這個(gè)句子中，leading分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示科技將治愈人類(lèi)所有疾病后帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。

八、與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格，如：

Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 2)

在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，需要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是其前出現(xiàn)的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。Being what it is 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是human nature, 翻譯為人類(lèi)本性就是這樣。

在考研閱讀中，分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)的頻率很大，大家需要注意分辨清分詞短語(yǔ)與主句的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣我們才能更好地理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)而在選擇答案時(shí)能夠做到有的放矢。