2015考研英語：搞定寫作so easy

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考研英語大作文的話題演變經過幾個階段，從91年到96年是一些命題作文，這使得考生在內容上不會無話可說，因為內容的限定也使得考生基本上不會跑題，總體上考生在寫作部分的分數不會拉得很遠；隨著考試難度增加，寫作部分也進行了改革，從97年開始作文部分的題目沒有了限定，而是加入了對一幅圖畫或是表格的分析和理解。

接下來老師把98-14年的大作文進行歸類，以便同學們對考研英語作文的話題方向有個大致了解：

話題的抽取并不是一件難事，一定注意的是不要跑題。有的同學會想著標新立異，想著自己的角度和思路新穎一些，比如05年的圖畫文字是“養老”足球賽，圖畫中間是一個蜷縮的老人被比成踢來踢去的足球，四周是他的三個兒子和一個女兒，都守著自己的球門，避免讓老人進來，這反映的是大家對于養老問題的漠視。而有的同學會有非常奇葩的想法，認為圖畫中只有小女兒在張開雙臂迎接老父親的到來，因此立意為養兒不如養女好。為了避免跑題，大家需要注意的是在拿到圖畫時首先關注的是圖畫的文字，因為文字傳達的意思更為直接明了；另外大家的話題一定要有趨同性，不可想著標新立異，反映的話題要大眾化一些。

這種作文類型的出現對于寫作部分是個改革上的飛躍，學生可以自由發揮，仁者見仁智者見智，不必拘泥于常規性的題目。但有的同學會害怕這種題目的出現導致自己無話可說，畢竟是應試，題目總有它的規律和法則，接下來老師會教給大家怎樣做得到有話可說，會告訴大家每一段的每一句話都寫些什么內容。話題趨同的情況下，每個學生需要做的就是在語言上使自己盡量出彩，多一些復雜句，詞匯變化多一些。作文的提高需要大家在一些綱領引領下去積累屬于自己的素材。
考試大綱對于大作文的要求在于內容的完整性、組織的連貫性、語法和詞匯的準確性及多樣性，做到這幾方面對于大家來說并不是很難，內容上不要跑題，文章三段式，變換句式、語法和詞匯。

從03年到14年的大作文提綱如下：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

按上述大綱，我們把文章分成三段式，引入段、意義闡釋段和總結評論段。各個段落的字數分配如下：第一段2-4句話，30-60詞；第二段4-9句話，100-120詞；第三段3-4句話，30-60詞。

我們首先來看引入段，大家的困惑在于：抓不住圖畫內容；不熟悉描述句式。所以下邊給大家具體分析首段應該如何寫：第一句要用一個倒裝句式，對應到圖畫中我們要找出中心事物及位置，把時間狀語放到句首的話可以利用一下倒裝；第二或三句對上一句提到的中心事物及周邊事物進行描述，可以采用非謂語動詞、介詞短語、定語從句等語法形式，對于配圖文字可以不用處理，或者翻譯成諺語或貼合主題的話；第三或四句是總結句，這句話的句式需要大家積累。在首段的三句話中，第一句話和第三句話比較容易，第二句話需要大家不斷加以練習。以下是三篇文章的首段，希望大家可以模仿借鑒。

例2007

As is vividly shown above in the picture, in front of the football stands a young athlete, imagining the goal keeper is so giant that hardly can he score the goal, on the contrary, the goal keeper minimizes himself, wondering whether he can keep the net. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean. 

例2011

As is shown above, on the lake floats a boat, on which one couple of tourists are throwing waste into the lake, which has been in a mess and full of various wastes including lunch boxes, fishbone and its like. The primary purpose of the picture above is that due attention should be paid to urgent problem that people’s inappropriate behaviours lead to the severe destruction of environment.

例2008

As is shown above, in the picture run two-legged people, heading toward the same direction side by side, holding each other’s shoulders tightly, with crutches being put aside. The caption indicates, “You have merely one leg and so do I. Helping each other, we can travel extensively.” The author’s real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg.

因為考研中的寫作大小作文占了30分，如果大家努力按照文都老師的要求去多積累一些，拿到20分以上不是一件難事。考研英語國家線一般在四五十分，20分將近一半的比例，所以希望大家在這方面多投入一些精力和時間。

第二段意義闡述段的攻略講解，在這一段，第一句提出論點，論點要準確，即話題要趨同不要跑題；論點要清晰，即在首句中要有能夠涵蓋主題的關鍵詞；論點要精彩，即語言要有亮點，比如采用一些復雜語法像非謂語動詞、從句類、介詞短語等。第二句可用虛擬語氣強調論點，如正面話題，Were there no the Hope Project, those children would never receive the precious knowledge. 可提煉出這樣的句式：Were there no sth., sb. would never do sth. 如負面話題，Were the situation to continue, we would pay high price. 第三句就論點展開論述，就如同中文中的論證方法有對比論證、舉例論證、引用名言論證等等，下邊介紹幾種常用方法：

(一)因果法

1.There are many causes/reasons for the dramatic growth/decrease. Firstly,...secondly,...finally,...

2. A number of factors can account for the change in...

(二)例證法

1.As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can — be it money or goods—to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.（01年）  

2.A case in point is the successful launching of "Shenzhou 7 Spacecraft" which sets china in a high position of aviation and space flight. Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the future and need to do further research in space technology. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. If we pass this test and are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall not stop making efforts. Instead, we are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses. We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.（04年） 

(三)比較與對比法

The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always make adequate preparations to meet... as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see them pass by. Obviously, the two different attitudes towards opportunities may lead to quite different consequences.

大家在論證方法上可以多種方法同時采用，比如上文例證法01年的愛心主題例子是在遇到自然災害的時候，中國人民無私捐獻財力物力；04年的例子是神舟七號衛星發射的成功既是機遇又是挑戰，另一個例子是如果考上研究生對于大家既是機遇也是挑戰。建議大家的一點是在例證法上，要多積累一些時事、時下勵志人物等相關的例子，在考試之前準備好，可以找老師幫忙翻譯好，在考試時可以信手拈來，祝大家考研順利！