考研英語美文賞讀（9）：亞馬遜人臉識別軟件鬧出大烏龍

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考研英語作為一門考研公共課，雖然大家都學了英語十幾年，卻仍經常有總分過線掛在英語上的情況，因此英語復習不單單是單詞、做題。閱讀作為考研英語的大頭，僅僅做考研真題或許沒法滿足你的閱讀量，因此小編之后會不定時推出一篇英文美文，這些文章都與考研英語閱讀同源，多讀必有好處。

►An Amazon facial recognition tool has wrongly identified 28 members of the US Congress as police suspects.

一亞馬遜的臉部識別工具錯誤地將28名美議員識別成了警方嫌疑犯。

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) compared official photos of the politicians with a database of public arrest photos.

美國公民自由聯盟(ACLU)將政客的官方照片與公開逮捕嫌犯照片的數據庫進行了比較。

Amazon took issue with the findings，saying the system needed to be set at 95% accuracy not the 80% used by ACLU.

亞馬遜對調查結果表示不滿，稱該系統需要設置為95%的準確度，而不是ACLU使用的80%。

But the civil rights group said it highlighted the inadequacy of facial recognition technology.

但民權組織表示，它凸顯了面部識別技術的不足之處。

"Our test reinforces that face surveillance is not safe for government use."said Jacob Snow，ACLU’s technology and civil liberties lawyer.

“我們的測試強調了政府使用面部檢測是不安全的。”ACLU的技術和公民自由律師Jacob Snow說。

"Face surveillance will be used to power discriminatory surveillance and policing that targets communities of colour，immigrants，and activists. Once unleashed，that damage can't be undone."

“面部監視將用于推動針對有色人種，移民和激進分子的歧視性監視和治安。一旦釋放，這種傷害就無法撤消。”

In response to the test，a spokesperson for Amazon Web Services told the BBC："We remain excited about how image and video analysis can be a driver for good in the world，including in the public sector and law enforcement."

亞馬遜網絡服務的一位發言人在接受測試時對BBC表示：“我們仍然對圖像和視頻分析能永久地應用到世界上驅動因素而感到興奮，這包括公共部門和執法部門在內的領域。”

"With regard to this recent test of Amazon Rekognition by the ACLU，we think that the results could probably be improved by following best practices around setting the confidence thresholds."

“關于ACLU最近對亞馬遜Rekognition的測試，我們認為可以通過遵循設置置信度閾值的最佳實踐來改善結果。”

Rekognition is touted by Amazon as being useful for a range of things，from detecting offensive content to identifying celebrities.

亞馬遜宣稱Rekognition對于從檢測攻擊性內容到識別名人等一系列事情是大有用處的。

It is also working with some US local law enforcement agencies to implement the system for identifying criminals.

它還與一些美國當地執法機構合作，來實踐識別罪犯的系統。

The 80% accuracy range used by ACLU is the system’s default setting but a spokeswoman for Amazon Web Services told Reuters that，for identifying individuals， it recommended setting a threshold of 95% or higher.

ACLU使用的80%準確度范圍是系統的默認設置，但亞馬遜網絡服務的發言人告訴路透社，它建議在識別個人時設置成95%或更高的閾值。

According to ACLU，nearly 40% of the system’s false matches were for black Congress members，even though they make up only 20% of the legislature.

據ACLU稱，該系統近40%的錯誤匹配是針對黑人國會議員的，盡管他們只占立法機構的20%。

Among those being wrongly identified was civil rights leader John Lewis，who is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus.

被錯誤識別的是民權領袖約翰·劉易斯，他是國會黑人核心小組的成員。

That group recently wrote to Amazon chief executive Jeff Bezos expressing concerns about the "profound negative unintended consequences" facial recognition systems could have for black people.

該組織最近致信亞馬遜首席執行官杰夫·貝索斯，對面部識別系統可能對黑人產生的“深刻的負面意外后果”表示擔憂。

"Congress should press for a federal moratorium on the use of face surveillance until its harms，particularly to vulnerable communities，are fully considered，"said ACLU’s legislative counsel Neema Singh Guliani.

ACLU的立法顧問Neema Singh Guliani表示，“尤其是對于弱勢社區，國會應該推動聯邦暫停使用人臉監視，的危害得到充分考慮。”

"The public deserves a full debate about how and if face surveillance should be used."

“公眾應該就如何以及是否應該使用面部監測進行充分辯論。”

In the UK，lawyers for civil liberties group Big Brother Watch have launched a legal challenge against the use of automatic facial recognition technology by police.

在英國，公民自由組織Big Brother Watch的律師對警察使用自動面部識別技術提出了法律質疑。

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