2018考研英語閱讀：“小標(biāo)題”解題需要這四步策略

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小標(biāo)題是英語一和英語二考生共考的一個題型。從英語一歷年考頻來看，盡管小標(biāo)題考察頻率較低，但是考研英語大綱一直把其作為備考題型，因此，英語一的同學(xué)仍然不能忽視其考察的可能性。對于英語二的同學(xué)來說，小標(biāo)題自然是復(fù)習(xí)的重中之重。小標(biāo)題主要考察考生總結(jié)段落大意的能力，是傳統(tǒng)閱讀能力考察的延伸。下面我們來總結(jié)一下小標(biāo)題的解題步驟和解題方法，并對其進行針對性訓(xùn)練。

一、小標(biāo)題解題步驟

1、精讀標(biāo)題——劃關(guān)鍵詞

2、精讀開局——驗證主題

3、通讀各段落——①劃關(guān)鍵詞(最少兩個)②歸納段落大意

4、根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，把小標(biāo)題和段落進行匹配。

二、小標(biāo)題解題方法

小標(biāo)題題要想奪得高分，關(guān)鍵在于第三步：即考生是否能夠快速準(zhǔn)確總結(jié)段落大意。總結(jié)段落大意的方法：1 同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn);2近義復(fù)現(xiàn)和反義復(fù)現(xiàn);3代詞指代

三、小標(biāo)題例題講解

①精讀標(biāo)題——劃關(guān)鍵詞

[A] Set a Good Example for Your Kids

[B] Build Your Kids’ Work Skills

[C] Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

[D] Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

[E] Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

[F] Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are

[G] Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility

②精讀開局——驗證主題

How Can a Parent Help?

Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids。 Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content， the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move。 Here are a few measures， drawn from my book Ready or Not， Here Life Comes， that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”：

通讀文章標(biāo)題和第一段之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)本文主題為“父母親怎樣幫助孩子進入成人期?”

通讀各段落——①劃關(guān)鍵詞(最少兩個)②歸納段落大意

41.

You can start this process when they are 11 or 12。 Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings， like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating。 Also， identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to， as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best。

解答過程：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞strengths，weaknesses，shortcomings，interests，these ， 可以總結(jié)本段大意為“幫助孩子了解自己的優(yōu)缺點”，由此可判斷選項[F] Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are(幫助孩子弄清楚他們是誰?)

42.

Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique， pop stars and vaunted athletes。 Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are。 Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future。 When asked what they want to do， they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea。” They can change their minds 200 times， but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good。

解答過程：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞regular，discussions，discuss，their own future， the future，可以判斷選項[D] Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

43.

Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work。 Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met。 Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job。 Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills， such as managing time and setting priorities。

解答過程：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞work， esponsibilities around the house， homework， take a part-time job， skills可以判斷選項[B] Build Your Kids’ Work Skills

44.

Playing video games encourages immediate content。 And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way。 At the same time， listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors。 All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs。

解答過程：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Playing video games， watching TV shows， listening through earphones， All these activities可以判斷選項[C] Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

45.

They should know how to deal with setbacks， stresses and feelings of inadequacy。 They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts， ways to brainstorm and think critically。 Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations。

解答過程：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞deal with， solve problems， resolve， these things， these skills，可以判斷選項[E] Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play， but now it is more delicate。 They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child。 They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future。 Most of all， these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them。