2018考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀，小符號(hào)中的九大“秘密”

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閱讀作為考研英語(yǔ)的半壁江山，也是英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)中的重難點(diǎn)，在討論如何攻克閱讀大關(guān)的時(shí)候大家往往注意到的是長(zhǎng)難句、重點(diǎn)單詞之類(lèi)的，不知道大家沒(méi)有注意過(guò)那些隱藏其中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)呢，今天幫幫就帶大家一覽那些藏在標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)背后的"大文章"。

1、逗號(hào)

用于分割并列成分。考研重點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后，如果是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分時(shí)，跳過(guò)不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

2、句號(hào)

①用于陳述句，表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束， 起分割切分句子作用。

②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、 Ms.、 etc。等等。如果句號(hào)作為簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)符號(hào)使用，那么這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)前后面的符號(hào)應(yīng)該照常寫(xiě)上，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)寫(xiě)號(hào)并非句號(hào)，也不遵循句號(hào)的語(yǔ)法。比如Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc。(注意兩個(gè)點(diǎn))

③用作小數(shù)點(diǎn)

3、問(wèn)號(hào)

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章中的問(wèn)號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問(wèn)的功能，只問(wèn)不答，答案不言自明。Eg1. 考研難道沒(méi)有價(jià)值嗎?另外，如果開(kāi)篇就是問(wèn)句，那么則屬于問(wèn)題答案型文章，對(duì)問(wèn)題的回答就是全文主旨。

4、冒號(hào)

冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過(guò)程，后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容。

Eg.1997 passage 3 Q2

60. The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________。

[A] widespread [B] overwhelming

[C] piercing [D] fashionable

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves。

5、分號(hào)

前后是并列關(guān)系，包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語(yǔ)義上的并列。

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)

6、引號(hào)

①引用 ②強(qiáng)調(diào) ③諷刺

Eg1 "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science。

7、括號(hào)

①解釋說(shuō)明生詞;②補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

8、破折號(hào)

①一個(gè)破折號(hào)后面起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷。

I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all。

"This book stands for reason itself。" And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate。

②兩破折號(hào)之間其補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可先跳過(guò)不看。

In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia。

9、省略號(hào)

英文中的省略號(hào)的作用和漢語(yǔ)是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并且有下文時(shí)，應(yīng)該打四個(gè)點(diǎn)，最后一個(gè)為句號(hào)。如：And it flew further, and further, and further.... Jorge smiled and turned back。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并作為語(yǔ)氣延長(zhǎng)的作用時(shí)，應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn)，如：Do you love me...?其余情況下使用三個(gè)點(diǎn)。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town, please send...more.