2018年考研英語(一)新題型概述

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新題型(英語一)誕生于2005年——英語大綱進行了重大改革，考研英語一由原來的四大題型，(完型、閱讀理解、翻譯、寫作)擴展為5大題型(完型、閱讀理解、新題型、翻譯、寫作)，其中，新添加的一種題型就是新題型。新題型屬于閱讀理解的Part B 部分，共5題，每題2分，總分10分。然而，新題型所占分值相同，考查能力相同，但是，英語一和英語二的考查新題型的命題形式稍有不同。今天準(zhǔn)備了“2018考研英語新題型英語(一)概述”，供大家復(fù)習(xí)參考。

根據(jù)歷年真題分析，及考研英語大綱要求，新題型對考生的考查能力，勢必要不同于傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解(Part A )，傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解，究根結(jié)底考查的是理解能力，而新題型考查的能力，更側(cè)重，強調(diào)一篇文章地宏觀層面，考查語篇、文章的段與段、句與句之間的銜接與連貫，考查考生判斷銜接度與連貫性的能力。根據(jù)英語大綱對新題型考查能力的要求，新題型英語一分為三種命題形式：1、完型填句、段式;2、排序題;3、小標(biāo)題。觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從2005年起至2017年(歷經(jīng)13年)，其中，完型填句、填段式，考頻最高，難度適中，共考過7年(2005,2006,2008,2009,2012,2013,2015年);排序題，考頻適中，難度最高，共考過4年(2010,2011,2014,2017年);小標(biāo)題，考頻最低，難度最低，共考過2年(2007和2016年)。

完型填句、填段式指在文章中有5個空，通常文章后面給出6—7個未知選項(句子或是段落)，考生根據(jù)銜接度最高，連貫性最大為原則， 選出與已知信息相似性最大的選項，選填到文章中。簡而言之，與傳統(tǒng)完型填空的區(qū)別是，新題型選填的是句子或者段落。以2015年的完型填句、填段式為例

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______

Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______

Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.

How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.

[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.

[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.

[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.

[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text. (英語一，2015)

排序題，顧名思義，將打亂的文章順序，(6-7個未知選段)按照文章地邏輯，銜接度，連貫性，將其一一排列完整，其中，有1-2個選段已給出。需要注意的是，已給段落的數(shù)量和位置。以2017年的排序題為例

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.

[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.

[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.

[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.

小標(biāo)題，文章前后，通常文章前給出6-7個未知小標(biāo)題，考生選出與其下一段的段落中心最貼切，最相關(guān)，最符合的小標(biāo)題，或者根據(jù)文中所給小標(biāo)題，選出與小標(biāo)題最貼合的未知段落，絕大多數(shù)情況考查前者。選擇短小的小標(biāo)題。現(xiàn)以2016年真題為例

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

[A] Create a new image of yourself

[B] Decide if the time is right

[C] Have confidence in yourself

[D] Understand the context

[E] Work with professionals

[F] Know your goals

[G] Make it efficient

No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in fast impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.

The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems , face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.

So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:

41_________________

As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.

42.__________________

Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)

43.____________________

Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand te cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.

44._____________________

Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.

45_____________________

The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time excessing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes …. once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.

新題型英語一的三種命題形式，無論哪種，備考階段，都需要考生能夠掌握，因為，新題型，雖然從篇幅上和內(nèi)容上，不易于閱讀理解甚至比傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解的文章還要難，但是，新題型解題技巧更加明顯精巧，所以，掌握好新題型，較之容易得分，使考研成功更近一步。最后，祝大家金榜題名!