2017考研英語：作文要避免這些"隱形錯誤"

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在英文寫作過程中，學生們常常誤入歧途卻自己未曾察覺。一些常見的寫作錯誤基本會出現在大部分考生的試卷上。比如審題不清，經常出現偏題或跑題;習慣漢語思維，逐字翻譯;用詞搭配不當，“張冠李戴”;詞不達意，拼寫錯誤嚴重;句子邏輯關系混亂;句子之間的連貫性差等等。具體來說，常見的錯誤主要有下列：

指代方面的錯誤

在使用代詞it，he，this，that，which，one等時，前文中應出現明確的先行詞。

如：“Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future，it is senseless to force him to learn it.”，這句話中，him和it這兩個代詞都有明確的先行詞，分別是a child和knowledge，因此句子的含義非常清楚。

可是，不少學生在使用這些代詞時，雖然自己很清楚它們指代的是什么，但在作文中卻沒有交代清楚，結果這些代詞非但沒有使行文簡潔，反而造成了意思上的模糊，讓閱卷老師不知所云。

誤：Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear.

正：Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.

【說明】句1中的they既可指教師，也可指學生，屬指代不清的。可以把它們中的任意一個改成單數名詞。因為單數名詞也可以泛指一類。

修飾方面的錯誤

修飾語應緊靠被修飾的成分，并和它形成正確的邏輯關系。如果修飾語的位置不妥當，就會造出模棱兩可的病句。

誤：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.

正：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases.

【說明】句1要表達的是把有害氣體排放到農村，還是把工廠遷到農村去?顯然修飾語to the countryside的位置放錯了。如句2改變一下結構，就能清楚地表達要表達的意思了。

一致方面的錯誤

在一個句子內部或緊鄰的兩三個句子之間，要保持時態、人稱、數等的一致。

誤：Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.

正：Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.

【說明】代詞應與所指代的先行詞保持人稱和數上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.

平行結構方面的錯誤

這里專指語態、比較級、非謂語形式、冠詞用法、可數名詞和不可數名詞、不定代詞單復數以及時態等錯誤。

1、誤：Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.

正：narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. (to happen)

誤：A great change has been taken place since then.

正：A great change has taken place since then.

誤：But it may occur some new problems.

正：But some new problems may occur/arise.

誤：Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard.

正：Opportunities only belong to those who work hard.

【說明】happen，take place，occur，arise等動詞和動詞詞組一般既不能用作被動結構，也不能作為及物動詞帶賓語的。但學生作文中類似的錯誤較多：Our country has taken place a great change in many fields.

2.、誤：The pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster.

正：The pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster.

誤：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power.

正：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life.

誤：Thus our city will be greatly beautiful than it is now.

正：Thus our city will be far more beautiful than it is now.

【說明】這些都是在使用比較形式時出現的錯誤。尤其是第1例較普遍。如more easier，more stronger等。

斷句方面的錯誤

一句句子沒有結束，又開始新的一句，結果造成句子結構不全，這就成為斷句。

誤：TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.

正：TV becomes an important part in our daily life，because we cannot live without it.

【說明】以because，since，if等引導的從句是不能獨立成句的，只能依屬于主句，所以不能寫成另一句。

連詞方面的錯誤

作文中缺少必要的連詞，或錯用連詞的現象也比較普遍。

誤：One should improve his English，one should overcome difficulties in studies.

正：If one wants to improve his English，he should overcome difficulties in studies.

【說明】學生在寫作中往往意識不到連詞的重要，不善于使用連詞和連接副詞來明確標示出因果關系、轉折關系、遞進關系等。

搭配方面的錯誤

學生作文中用詞搭配方面的錯誤也占有較大比例。曾經在一次六級作文閱卷中，近千篇作文在表達“上海交通越來越擁擠”這個意思時，幾乎沒有一篇用 heavier，大多數人用的是The traffic in Shanghai is getting more and more crowded，而traffic是不能與crowded搭配的。

1、誤：However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.

正：However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.

【說明】speed只能和high，low，good，top，normal，fantastic，moderate，surprising等搭配，不能與fast，quick，slow搭配。但可以這樣說A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.

2、誤：In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.

正：In the past the price of milk was so high that most families couldn’t afford it.

【說明】price只和high，low，inflated，moderate，minimum，original，popular，prevailing，published，reduced，reasonable等搭配，不能與expensive，cheap搭配，但可以說In the past，milk was so expensive that most families couldn’t afford it.

由此可見，要提高對詞語搭配的駕馭能力，除了要在平時的閱讀過程中多積累，還需要克服中文中諸如“速度快”、“價格貴”、“學習知識”、“人減少”等搭配的影響，避免寫出look book或see book這樣的笑話來。

誤用方面

學生作文中對詞語的誤用也相當普遍，誤用詞語不僅不能準確地表達作者的意思，而且也會鬧出笑話。

1、誤：With the industrious development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy.

正：With the industrial development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy.

2、誤：Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which effect our daily life.

正：Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which affect our daily life.

【說明】以上錯句都是因為對形容詞的辨析不清而造成的。Industrious是“勤勞的”，“工業上的”應為industrial。effect一般用作名詞，其動詞形式表示“產生、實現”，而這里的意思是“影響”，應換成affect。