2017考研：英語（一）閱讀A考點考向點睛

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I高頻考點出處

一、as結(jié)構(gòu)

regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2014)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…

二、否定詞

2011 Q22 細節(jié)題---猜詞 unpretentious-modest
2011 Q39 細節(jié)推理題---猜詞 unrealistic-misleading
2012 Q26 詞義題 reneging on-dishonoring
2012 Q40 態(tài)度題 but, bad-disapproval
2013 Q23詞義題 indictment-accusation
2014 Q24 細節(jié)推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy
2015 Q27 態(tài)度題 discard-disapproval
2016 Q31 態(tài)度題 not be clear-cut -skepticism

三、特殊標點

2013 Q34 細節(jié)題冒號
2012 Q24 細節(jié)推理題冒號
2012Q 29 細節(jié)題冒號
2011 Q36 觀點題冒號
2007 Q31 細節(jié)題冒號
2012 Q36推理題分號
2013 Q25主旨題分號
2014 Q38細節(jié)題分號
2016 Q36 細節(jié)題分號

四、觀點動詞

2012 Q22 hold -argue Q34 agree-describe
2013 Q28 hold -say Q39 claim
2014 Q32 think- say Q35 believe
2015 Q28 believe Q34 hold-say Q38 believe Q39 hold-
2016 Q27 hold          Q37 suggest-say Q39believe-remark

II閱讀解題技巧

【解題方法】題干+選項精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1.找題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章（題干的關(guān)鍵詞一般會定位到文章的某句或者相連的兩句中)
2.將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2015年Text2
28. The author believes that exploring one's phone contents is comparable to________.
[A] getting into one's residence
[B] handling one's historical records
[C] scanning one's correspondences
[D]going through one's wallet
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, going through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing," meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
本題要注意，題干考查的是作者觀點，很多考生會定位到第一句話，此句中出現(xiàn)了California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to,說明這是California的觀點。作者觀點從but后出，exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home.
1 題干定位：but之后
題干exploring one's phone contents -文章exploring one's smartphone
題干is -文章is
題干comparable to-文章more like
因此，答案定位在entering his or her home
2 選項定位
答案[A] getting into one's residence
匹配情況為：
A get into -文章enter
A one's residence- his or her home

二、推斷題

近幾年這種題的考頻不是很高，但是依然要按照方法來做。
【解題方法】找段落中心句
尋找段落中心句方法：
第一、邏輯上出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系的句子（轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示詞的句子）；
第二、有明確表示觀點的路標指引詞（think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…）
第三、含有情態(tài)動詞的句子（should, must…）
第四、含有特殊標點的句子（冒號、破折號、引號、括號）
第五、特殊句型（疑問句、倒裝句、強調(diào)句、省略句）
第六、平鋪直敘段落中，注意首末句
【解題步驟】
1.根據(jù)題干，尋找該段落中心句,
2.正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
【例題】2013年Text1
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
[D] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment-including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line-Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1.尋找段落中心句（分號、比較級、雙重否定、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)only when）
Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.分號之前句義晦澀，根據(jù)并列原則可以看分號之后。
2.正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
答案[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to
匹配值為：
[C]pricing--- afford
is vital to---only when
environment-friendly（環(huán)保的）--- more sustainably（可持續(xù)的）
purchasing---culture
old world---European

三、態(tài)度題

【解題方法】作者態(tài)度分類法
1.在判斷感情色彩時，應(yīng)結(jié)合以下兩點。
1）作者態(tài)度可以分為三大類：a. 正向肯定態(tài)度：支持，樂觀，贊同； b. 客觀、中立、公正；c. 負向反對態(tài)度：反對、批評、懷疑
2）特別注意作者的態(tài)度一般與文章中心相聯(lián)系。不要把自己的態(tài)度納入其中，而且要注意區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用別人的態(tài)度。
2. 匹配選項。匹配選項時應(yīng)該注意：
1）有些選項一般不是正確答案（陪襯選項）：tolerance（包容）；indifferent（漠不關(guān)心）；subjective（主觀的）；biased（有偏見的）；puzzled（迷惑不解的）。
3.態(tài)度題的新趨勢：
1）現(xiàn)在題目的考察不僅僅局限于作者的態(tài)度，也開始考察文章中某人的觀點和態(tài)度，做題時特別應(yīng)該注意看清楚題目考察的是誰對誰的態(tài)度。
2）近幾年有個明線的趨勢，一些否定的態(tài)度詞往往跟容易成為答案。Skeptical，critical，questionable，suspicious，doubtful，disapproval。
【解題步驟】
1.判斷選項ABCD的態(tài)度正負向，將四個選項進行分類（正向，負向）
2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，回文定位判斷態(tài)度。
【例題】
2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_______.
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D]cautiousness.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1 判斷選項態(tài)度的正負向
[A] disapproval反對的（負）
[B] indifference漠不關(guān)心的（中立）
[C] tolerance包容（正）
[D] cautiousness謹慎的（正）
2 回文判斷態(tài)度
They should start by discarding California's lame argument
因此，根據(jù)文章的discarding，可以確定是表示負向否定態(tài)度，因此答案選A。

四、主旨題

【解題方法】1串線法 2主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法 3框架法
【解題步驟】
1.找出段落中心句或者主題詞
2.串聯(lián)各段段落中心句，合并同類項，即可得出全文主旨
【例題】2016年Text 4
40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand
[C] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[D] Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
"Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake," says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
本體用篇首主題復(fù)現(xiàn)法，篇首反復(fù)出現(xiàn)print和newspaper/paper等詞，說明文章的中心與這兩個詞相關(guān)。只要答案[D] Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good
復(fù)合該要求。

五、詞匯題

【解題方法】1. 構(gòu)詞法猜詞2. 語法猜詞 3.形似猜詞
【解題步驟】
1.拆分詞詞根詞綴
2.聯(lián)系上下文語法猜詞
3.如果兩句話語法結(jié)構(gòu)相似，那么他們的對應(yīng)部分的語義容易相似
【例題】2013年Text2
27. "The industry" (Line 4, Para.3) refers to_______.
[A] online advertisers                                         [B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis                         [D] internet browser developers
①In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track" (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. ②Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. ③In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
【解題步驟】
本題按照常規(guī)的構(gòu)詞法和句子語法無法分析答案。會發(fā)現(xiàn)①句和③句的結(jié)構(gòu)相似，句子去掉修飾語后。結(jié)構(gòu)相似部分如下。
① In December 2010(FTC)proposedadding a (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.
② In Februarythe FTC and(DAA)agreedthatthe industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
如上所示，兩個句子由于結(jié)構(gòu)相似引發(fā)了語義相似，①句灰色部分是從句，因為考點在主句，所以從句先不看。很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)猜詞the industry，對應(yīng)的部分是internet browsers。所以答案選D。