2017考研英語(yǔ)：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系在閱讀中的運(yùn)用

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高頻出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折詞其實(shí)并不是很多，主要是but、however、yet、nevertheless、nonetheless這五個(gè)。如果文章首段出現(xiàn)這些詞，那同學(xué)們可要引起重視了。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系除了可以幫助破解主旨大意題，我們還可以通過(guò)它解決詞義句意題。由于詞義句意題是針對(duì)全文某處細(xì)節(jié)處命題，所以能夠用于解決詞義句意題的的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞就遠(yuǎn)非這么五個(gè)。我們將語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)折主要分為兩類：轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步。

一，轉(zhuǎn)折(but、yet、however、rather than、in fact、after all、unforunately、nevertheless、nonetheless、instead(of)、無(wú)標(biāo)識(shí))
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
這段話節(jié)選自2006年考研英語(yǔ)真題Text2的para4.文章后在此命制了詞義句意題28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________.講Stratford有哭窮的傳統(tǒng)，作者暗含了什么?那么解決這道題，我們就可以從緊跟其后的nevertheless入手，后文指出這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的每一個(gè)旅館都開(kāi)了分店或是新建了吧臺(tái)。希爾頓酒店也在這兒建了賓館，裝飾豪華，價(jià)格不菲等等，句句都在表明它實(shí)際上并不窮。所以這道題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是 [C] the town is not really short of money。解決這道題，我們就要從語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折處入手。

二，讓步(while、although、even though/if、despite、in spite of、though、even)
說(shuō)到讓步，不少同學(xué)并不是很清楚。因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中的讓步，是一種妥協(xié)和退讓。但是在英語(yǔ)中“讓步轉(zhuǎn)折不分家”，所以我們也把它視為一種語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。同樣得，它在我們解決詞義句意題中也發(fā)揮著重要的作用。
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast s of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
這段話同樣選自2006年考研英語(yǔ)真題，位于文章開(kāi)篇。但是并沒(méi)有在此設(shè)置主旨大意題，考察了大家一個(gè)詞匯的含義。題目是這樣的21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.如果同學(xué)們?cè)诨�礎(chǔ)階段，詞根詞綴學(xué)習(xí)的比較好的話，通過(guò)分解，可以大致猜測(cè)出它的意思，但是我們也可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)義關(guān)系來(lái)解決這道詞義句意題。In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.(盡管無(wú)休止的談?wù)撝�不同，美�?guó)社會(huì)是一個(gè)令人驚喜的機(jī)器，用于homogenizing人們。)在這句話中，In spite of引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，之前咱們就說(shuō)過(guò)，“讓步轉(zhuǎn)折不分家”，讓步也是一種轉(zhuǎn)折，所以前面一直談?wù)摰氖遣煌�之處，那么轉(zhuǎn)折之后肯定是相同點(diǎn)，那么不難猜測(cè)homogenizing肯定于“相同”有關(guān)。縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing，也就C選項(xiàng)與之相契合。當(dāng)然這道題其實(shí)對(duì)于廣大考生來(lái)說(shuō)，其實(shí)還有一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，就是答案選項(xiàng)不認(rèn)識(shí)。那么針對(duì)這種情況，同學(xué)們課下一定要多記憶和積累。世界上最痛苦的事莫過(guò)于：答案就放在我面前，但是我卻不知道它在說(shuō)什么。