2017考研英語：轉折關系在閱讀中的運用

考研英語來源：中公考研 2016-08-12　

高頻出現的轉折詞其實并不是很多，主要是but、however、yet、nevertheless、nonetheless這五個。如果文章首段出現這些詞，那同學們可要引起重視了。轉折關系除了可以幫助破解主旨大意題，我們還可以通過它解決詞義句意題。由于詞義句意題是針對全文某處細節處命題，所以能夠用于解決詞義句意題的的轉折連詞就遠非這么五個。我們將語義的轉折主要分為兩類：轉折和讓步。

一，轉折(but、yet、however、rather than、in fact、after all、unforunately、nevertheless、nonetheless、instead(of)、無標識)
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
這段話節選自2006年考研英語真題Text2的para4.文章后在此命制了詞義句意題28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________.講Stratford有哭窮的傳統，作者暗含了什么?那么解決這道題，我們就可以從緊跟其后的nevertheless入手，后文指出這個小鎮上的每一個旅館都開了分店或是新建了吧臺。希爾頓酒店也在這兒建了賓館，裝飾豪華，價格不菲等等，句句都在表明它實際上并不窮。所以這道題的正確選項應該是 [C] the town is not really short of money。解決這道題，我們就要從語義轉折處入手。

二，讓步(while、although、even though/if、despite、in spite of、though、even)
說到讓步，不少同學并不是很清楚。因為漢語中的讓步，是一種妥協和退讓。但是在英語中“讓步轉折不分家”，所以我們也把它視為一種語義上的轉折。同樣得，它在我們解決詞義句意題中也發揮著重要的作用。
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast s of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
這段話同樣選自2006年考研英語真題，位于文章開篇。但是并沒有在此設置主旨大意題，考察了大家一個詞匯的含義。題目是這樣的21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.如果同學們在基礎階段，詞根詞綴學習的比較好的話，通過分解，可以大致猜測出它的意思，但是我們也可以通過語義關系來解決這道詞義句意題。In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.(盡管無休止的談論著不同，美國社會是一個令人驚喜的機器，用于homogenizing人們。)在這句話中，In spite of引導的是讓步狀語從句，之前咱們就說過，“讓步轉折不分家”，讓步也是一種轉折，所以前面一直談論的是不同之處，那么轉折之后肯定是相同點，那么不難猜測homogenizing肯定于“相同”有關。縱觀四個選項：[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing，也就C選項與之相契合。當然這道題其實對于廣大考生來說，其實還有一個難點，就是答案選項不認識。那么針對這種情況，同學們課下一定要多記憶和積累。世界上最痛苦的事莫過于：答案就放在我面前，但是我卻不知道它在說什么。