2017考研英語(yǔ)：如何有技巧的“猜”和“蒙”

• 2026考研英語(yǔ)全程班 6班
• 26考研全科上岸規(guī)劃營(yíng)「擇校▪規(guī)劃▪備考」
• 2026考研專(zhuān)業(yè)課復(fù)習(xí)資料「真題▪筆記▪講義▪題庫(kù)」

考研試題中，難免會(huì)遇到不會(huì)或難度很大的題型，空著是不行的，這時(shí)只能靠“猜”和“蒙”，但小編認(rèn)為，所謂的“猜”和“蒙”也不是毫無(wú)根據(jù)，也是有一定的根據(jù)和線索的。下面小編就詳細(xì)談?wù)勅绾斡屑记傻?ldquo;猜”和“蒙”。

一、閱讀理解正確選項(xiàng)特征要牢記

1.正確答案必須符合文章中心及作者的立場(chǎng)

符合文章中心思想或作者立場(chǎng)的是正確答案。如果某一選項(xiàng)與中心思想一致，它很可能是正確答案。

2.合常理，合邏輯為正確答案的幾率較大

閱讀理解的選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的是對(duì)文章的理解而且考研的文章摘自于西方的公開(kāi)的期刊雜志，文章的體裁通常都是議論文或說(shuō)明文，所以正確選項(xiàng)必然也應(yīng)是合科學(xué)性和邏輯性的觀點(diǎn)，而且研究生入學(xué)考試作為國(guó)內(nèi)較高層次的考試，試題的命制自然需對(duì)考生是積極向上的導(dǎo)向。

3.表達(dá)留有余地，含義不肯定的為正確答案的幾率較大

含義肯定、絕對(duì)的一般不是答案，含義不肯定的可能是答案。這是由于一旦把自己的觀點(diǎn)過(guò)于絕對(duì)化，當(dāng)新的異常情況發(fā)生，就會(huì)陷入無(wú)可挽回的余地，而不肯定的選項(xiàng)卻因?yàn)楹�蓋面寬，容易成為答案。

4.概括的可以統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全部文意的是解，考查考生的理解歸納能力

簡(jiǎn)單具體，含義膚淺的不是答案，抽象、概括、深刻的可能是答案。

5.同義替換的一般是正確答案，照抄原文的不是正確答案

“偷天換日”是出題人常用的伎倆，利用考生做題時(shí)間緊，很多細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)不及細(xì)看，甚至來(lái)不及將所有的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看完這一薄弱之處，將干擾項(xiàng)做成與原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)及詞匯都幾乎一模一樣的形式，只略微改動(dòng)其中的一個(gè)詞或幾個(gè)詞，從而造成意思上的變化;或者利用原文中的詞來(lái)偽造選項(xiàng)或斷章取義，使干擾項(xiàng)亦真亦假，是非難辨。這種干擾項(xiàng)多半是前半句甚至是前大半句是原文內(nèi)容，只是換個(gè)最后幾個(gè)詞，讓人防不勝防。我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)就得心中有數(shù)，對(duì)照抄原文的選項(xiàng)要小心上當(dāng)，而需對(duì)原文詞句的同義替換選項(xiàng)敏感。

二、牢記完型優(yōu)選詞，扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤

通過(guò)對(duì)歷年真題的研究，完形填空中“however，for，while，whereas，subject，available，affect，access”容易作為正確選項(xiàng)，可以優(yōu)先選擇。如果試題中出現(xiàn)優(yōu)選詞，再根據(jù)正確選項(xiàng)分布規(guī)律(A，B，C，D均勻分配;任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能連續(xù)為三個(gè))，進(jìn)行答案確定。

三、熟知新題型重點(diǎn)考查題型，明確快速解題

英語(yǔ)一今年必考段落排序題和完型填句(段)題，兩種題型形式看似不同，解題思路實(shí)則相同。這兩種題型全部做對(duì)可能性較低，但是獲取8分是考生們的目標(biāo)。拿分策略如下：

各位同學(xué)要認(rèn)真記憶核心論證素材和句子，以便考試中遇到相似情境，進(jìn)行套用，盡量減少現(xiàn)場(chǎng)原創(chuàng)。以下提供考前需要背誦的重要素材，同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)方法是：以最快速度記憶，然后默寫(xiě)。這些材料在考試中，可以作為有效論證或原因分析的材料，幫助我們快速寫(xiě)好第二段或第三段。

重點(diǎn)主題1：個(gè)人品質(zhì)

主要論述某種品質(zhì)的重要作用，比如獨(dú)立能力(the ability of independence)適應(yīng)環(huán)境(adaptation to the environment)、堅(jiān)持(persistence)、創(chuàng)新(creativity/innovation)、勇氣/膽識(shí)(courage)等。這類(lèi)主題既可單獨(dú)考，也可以融合到其他主題中做論據(jù)。(提示：英一和英二都要重視)

To begin with, “主題詞” should always play a significant role in our life and work. All of us are eager to be successful in whatever we do. In fact, only those who have the ability of主題詞 in doing enough to encounter challenges of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.

Furthermore, the 主題詞 also spirits the young people up, keeps them mentally vigorous and endows them the power of solving any problems in the way to the success. According to a report released recently by Chinese Institute for Educational Research, most successful entrepreneurs such as Ma Yun ascribe their achievement to some important traits, with 主題詞 being one of them.(提示：觀點(diǎn)1主題的重要性;觀點(diǎn)2編一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查)

According to Theory of Need put forward by the famous modern psychologist Maslow, everyone has the need for love/self-esteem/self-actualization/success. It is out of dispute that主題詞as a key factor to our success both in study and work contributes greatly to this … (提示：馬斯洛需求理論可以通用在品質(zhì)類(lèi)的任何具體話題中。)

重點(diǎn)主題2：可持續(xù)發(fā)展(sustainable development)(節(jié)約、資源保護(hù)、低碳生活)(提示：英語(yǔ)一/二都可用)

以下以節(jié)約為例給出論證素材，同類(lèi)話題可以直接改寫(xiě)套用

Thrift, as is known to all, is considered one of the merits that we should have. It is this merit that helps to reduce the amount of time/money/space consumed in our daily life. A community with clear awareness of saving water/… is always praised as a highly civilized society and a good model for others to learn from. (提示：節(jié)約的意義)

Waste, as is known to all, is one of the poor habits we should not have. It is this habit that definitely results in the extravagance of natural resource/limited time/money. A community with vague or even no awareness of thrift is undoubtedly a lowly civilized society and is surely to be regarded as a negative case to learn a lesson from. The waste and extravagance have become increasingly serious in China. We can often encounter a scene where papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use, food is wasted just because of poor taste, or clothes are discarded simply due to their old fashion. Not only do we squander things and money, but also we lose our sense of conservation. (提示：浪費(fèi)的害處)

核心表達(dá)：節(jié)約：save, cherish, thrift(n.)， conservation(n.); 浪費(fèi)：waste, squander, extravagance(n.);emission of carbon碳排放;low carbon life低碳生活，carbon dioxide 二氧化碳，green economy 綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)，the amount of carbon emission 碳排放量，water shortage 水資源短缺，green waste pick-ups 綠色垃圾回收

重點(diǎn)主題3：新通訊科技 VS. 傳統(tǒng)媒介

這類(lèi)話題考查角度包括信息安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言、疏遠(yuǎn)人際關(guān)系等社會(huì)熱點(diǎn);也可以與經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育相關(guān)，如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)教育、網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)等

角度1：(提示：分析信息需要甄別的原因;遷移到學(xué)習(xí)上，先篩選知識(shí)，再進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí))

The advanced network technology has provided people with such convenient communication tools as BBS, Micro blogs, QQ, and e-mail, which will promote the spread/diffusion of false information or even rumors. So, each day a large number of messages through different means of information are sent. Some of them are real and valuable, and some of them false and misleading. Judged from this respect, to build up the ability of filter out the useful information is the key factor to enhance the effective process of information.

Overwhelmed by the ever-increasing knowledge, we cannot help considering how to choose the knowledge we really need and absorb it in as effective a manner as possible. The answer is, surely, to establish and specify the standards of the knowledge we seek for, search out the categories of information according to the standards, and make the judgment which categories are the needy ones before we go to details.

角度2：理性對(duì)待通訊設(shè)備

First of all, although cell phones really provide us with entertainment, relaxation and so on, excessive reliance on the cell phones weakens relationships by reducing and sometimes eliminating normal opportunities for talking, for communicating, which is so important in maintaining the healthy relationship between friends, family and so on. Thus, it will make people mentally farther and farther away from each other.

Next, undeniably, the cell phone gives us rich information/great convenience/instant communication/…， however, we can easily find the more we depend on …， the less able we become to acquire more information/greater convenience/deep communication independently. The excessive use of “cell phone” distorts the sense of time, and renders other experiences vague and curiously unreal.

核心表達(dá)：

immense information信息海洋，a great amount knowledge大量知識(shí)，rumor謠言，filter out篩選，make the judgment判斷;cell phone手機(jī)，micro blog微博，micro message微信，a crazy cell phone user手機(jī)控(提示：核心表達(dá))

重點(diǎn)主題4：社會(huì)公德(誠(chéng)信、信任)

一些社會(huì)敏感的事件，比如老人摔倒扶不扶、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等，不會(huì)直接出現(xiàn)來(lái)考，但可以以其他與大學(xué)生生活聯(lián)系緊密的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。但本質(zhì)都一樣，談?wù)摴��?誠(chéng)信/信任對(duì)社會(huì)的價(jià)值，或者公德/誠(chéng)信/信任缺失的危害。

論述素材：

Our Chinese have carried on the social virtues, such as respecting and caring the old, helping each other, since ancient times, surely with主題詞 being one of them. So we, as a young generation who would determine our national development, are supposed and expected to carry on these distinguished traditions. But unfortunately, social morality of some people seems to be decaying. Such behaviors as picking flowers in public gardens, throwing garbage from the higher flats of tall buildings and readily damaging public utilities are becoming so common that they are often taken for granted.

The best way，in my opinion, is to enhance the education on ethic and moral. Parents and teachers should bear greater responsibility in educating our children how to behave properly in society. On the other hand, the media should strengthen the propaganda to remind people of the importance of good morality in society. Social moral standards should be highly advocated and made known to every citizen so that they can observe them voluntarily. 中心句

核心表達(dá)：

social/commercial morality社會(huì)/商業(yè)道德，social civilization社會(huì)文明，uncivilized behaviors不文明行為， morality decline/collapse道德倒退/喪失，mutual trust互相信任，the old and infirm年老體弱的人，the pregnant 懷孕的人，lack the awareness of缺少……的意識(shí)，litter casually隨意丟垃圾， spit吐痰，traditional virtue傳統(tǒng)美德，harmonious society和諧社會(huì)，damage public utilities破壞公共設(shè)施，promote propagandas on … 加強(qiáng)宣傳

重點(diǎn)主題5：經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)類(lèi)

一般英語(yǔ)二所考到的話題通常都可以用經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的原因來(lái)分析。分析時(shí)主要從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展入手，從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的社會(huì)意義及對(duì)人們生活方方面面的影響，再結(jié)合社會(huì)和人們的需求進(jìn)行分析。(提示：英語(yǔ)二重點(diǎn))

核心表達(dá)：

solid economic foundation 穩(wěn)固的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，national economic power/strength國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，policy guarantee政策保障，the quality of life生活品質(zhì)，the improvement of living level生活水平提高，enrich people's life豐富生活，broaden our horizon開(kāi)闊視野，enrich our knowledge of world cultures增長(zhǎng)世界文化知識(shí)，promote understanding among different peoples促進(jìn)不同民族的理解

論述素材：

(1)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ)：

The fast development in economy lays a hard financial basis for citizens to…

Economic development is the prerequisite and driving force for household consumption居民消費(fèi)/employment就業(yè)/technological innovation技術(shù)創(chuàng)新/cultural prosperity文化繁榮/cultural exchange文化交流…

(2)促進(jìn)消費(fèi)：

A considerable number of Chinese people can afford the once-deemed-expensive …

The important role played by …has been more and more realized by citizens in the current society. Undoubtedly, this increasing awareness contributes to the enlargement of …market.

(3)質(zhì)量需求推動(dòng)

Driven by their need to improve their quality of life, XX choose to … Apparently, by doing…， they can not only obtain the financial benefit but also the practical experience.

Quality is always considered as the most important determining factor to the sale. The improving quality and good evaluation of … attract an increasing number of buyers.

(4)政策引導(dǎo)與支持：

Our country makes efforts/spends no efforts to formulate some preferential policies to promote …， which encourages XX to make this choice.

The support and guidance of policies concerned are the integral part in national macro-control.

(5)科技角度：

Science and technology are the primary productive forces and have been playing a key role in the national economy development.

Progress in science and technology has promoted economic and social progress greatly.

(6)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與壓力：

With the competition in our country becoming increasingly fierce and under the heavy pressure of … (eg. employment; living a better life; finding a gainful job)， an increasing number of … try their utmost to meet the demand of …

1.利用代詞指代，最少可以搞定4分;

2.利用轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)聯(lián)，搞定2分

3.其余兩個(gè)空格，直接選一個(gè)肯定入選但不確定具體位置的答案，搞定2分。

英語(yǔ)二的小標(biāo)題和匹配題同步重視。考到匹配題堅(jiān)決不放棄，用題干中的詞快速回文定位，與原文信息比對(duì)吻合即可選。小標(biāo)題注意段落中的詞如果復(fù)現(xiàn)在標(biāo)題中，一定還需再慎重，標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞如果復(fù)現(xiàn)的是段落中的關(guān)鍵詞才是答案。