2017考研英語語法：分詞的時態和語態

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過去分詞可以表示“被動”和“完成”等意義，因此沒有時態和語態方面的形式變化。下面談一下現在分詞的時態和語態。

1.現在分詞的完成式(having+過去分詞)表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前或兩個動作在時間上有一定的間隔。

例如:

Having written the letter，John went to the post office.

(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.

約翰寫完信后，就去郵局了。

Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.

(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)

老王在北京住了多年，所以對這個城市很熟悉。

Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.

(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)

小馬喝了兩杯水，感覺好一些了

一般式和完成式現在分詞都可以表示先后接連發生的動作。在可能引起誤解的場合應該用完成式現在分詞表示先發生的動作。

例如:

Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.

(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)

他打開抽屜，拿出錢包。

Coming into the room，he put down his bag.

(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)

他走進房間，放下提包。

Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.

布朗先生刷過牙，就下樓來吃早飯。

(此句如寫成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙，邊下樓’。)

2.現在分詞的被動語態(being +過去分詞)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如強調現在分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前時，可用現在分詞被動語態的完成式(having + been +過去分詞)。

例如:

The bridge being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那座橋將于下月完成。

Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.湯姆回來晚了，所以被關在門外半小時左右才讓他進去。