2011年考研英語(一)難度有所下降 作文部分較為輕松

2011年考研英語的考試剛剛結束，就拿到的真題分析，整體難度與2010年相比，有所下降，但是各部分的題目難度增減不一。完型填空部分，難度基本上沒有變化，但是對詞匯的考察有所加強，閱讀理解Part A部分不論是從文章的選取和題目的設計，比去年的難度都有一定程度的降低。閱讀理解的PART　B部分，第一次出現了排序題，雖然排序在幾種題型中算是難度比較低的，但是命題者通過文章的選擇，避免了一些明顯的標志詞的出現，成功地增加了難度，但是整體而言，此部分難度比去年有所降低。這次考試，難度降低比較明顯的是作文部分。2010年的文化火鍋確實使不少同學在構思和用詞上煞費苦心，而今年關于旅游區愛護環境的話題，其文章審題的難度，僅限于高一語文作文的水平，加之環保是考研英語作文的大熱點，相信很多同學在考前也有目的地記憶了一些這方面的詞匯和句型，寫起來一定是更加得心應手。

完型填空

題目的文章來自于 2009年4月號Scientific American, 作者 Steve Ayan, 原文題目為

How Humor Makes You Friendlier, Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人緣且性感

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health。” But 1despite some claims to the contrary, chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 produce short-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration, 3 boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 sustain, a good guffaw is unlikely to have 5 measurable cardiovascular benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。

6 In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 opposite. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the guffaw subsides。

Such physical relaxation might conceivably help 9 moderate the effects of psychological stress. After all, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 physical feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11 According to one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 in physical reactions. American psychologist William James and Danish physiologist Carl Lange argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 because they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow。

Although sadness also 14 precedes tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 from muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to 16 hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a 17 disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 reacted more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood。

1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like C

2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce　D

3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining　B

4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe　B

5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable　A

6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief　B

7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected　A

8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes　D

9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance　C

10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal　A

11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for　B

12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at　C

13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because　D

14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppressesC

15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond　B

16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold　D

17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent　A

18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted　D

19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing A

20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely C

閱讀理解 Part A

Text 1

文章選自不是很熱門的一本雜志“Commentary” 2007年9月號，原文作者 TERRY TEACHOUT 題目為 Selling Classical Music。作者從紐約愛樂樂團任命Alan Gilbert為新音樂總監一事談起，分析了交響樂團現在面臨的困境，并給出了自己的解釋和解決途徑。文章難度一般，后面題目也比較簡單

Text 2

文章選自Business Week 商業周刊 2009年11月5日，原文作者Jena McGregor 原文的題目是Top Managers Are Quitting, Without a New Job：頂級經理人在離職，新工作還沒著落。講在西方經濟逐漸擺脫金融危機影響后，工作機會也漸漸多了起來，許多高級經理人不等和下家談好，就先辭職，即現在所謂的“裸辭”或“裸跳”。作者分析了這種情況的利弊和產生的原因。文章難度一般，題目也不難

Text 3

文章選自麥肯錫季刊，講的是媒體最新的變化，因為涉及到一些大眾傳播學的原理和理論知識，文章難度較難，題目也不容易

Text 4

文章選自2010年9月7日的新聞周刊，文章作者Jennie Yabroff 文章的題目是 Not On Board With Baby (孩子不能登機登船)，副標題是Parenthood—the condition, not the TV show—sucks. Or so everyone keeps saying。文章討論的是美國社會中的一個熱點話題，是否要孩子。作者直言不諱地指出，美國流行文化中對養育孩子的好處比較渲染，而養育孩子的艱苦則提的較少。這篇文章的難度主要體現在考生對作者的態度把握上比較困難。

閱讀理解 Part B

文章自于2010年2月25日的Economist 經濟學人雜志，原文題目為University education in America 美國的大學教育

The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University. By Louis Menand. Norton; 174 pages; $24.95 and £17.99. Buy from Amazon.com,Amazon.co.uk

THIS subtle and intelligent little book should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctorate. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captures it deftly。

His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “The great books are read because they have been read”—they form a sort of social glue。

One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification。

Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctorate into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialisation are transmissible but not transferable。” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge。

No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the median time—median!—to a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. (Advertising note to American students: you can get a perfectly good PhD at a top British university in under four years。) Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees。

Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with the jobs they entered graduate school to get: tenured professorships. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to churn out ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained。

The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced”. Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic。” Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say. In reality, baby and bathwater may go out together. Public exasperation with academic introversion may lead to a loss of some independence, the most precious right of academics in a free society。

此部分的標準答案為

G → 41. B→42. D→ E →43.A →44.C →45. F

閱讀理解Part C 翻譯

原文選自一本非常著名的書Fifty Self-help Classics(見圖)，主要選自這本書的第11頁和12頁，經過命題專家改寫，有些變了模樣。該書是一本勵志類的讀物，是一部書評，所以翻譯起來并不輕松，甚至還有一些哲理性的語言，頗費思量。

With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing。

(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share--that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. 我們每個人都認為：自己不是機器人，因此能夠控制自己的思想；愛倫的貢獻在于他研究了這一假說，并揭示其錯誤的本質。Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”

我們或許只通過意識就能維持這種控制的幻覺，但事實上，我們卻總是面臨一個問題：我們為什么不能讓自己去做這件事情，實現那個目標呢？

Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are。” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter。

Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him。” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。

這種說法似乎為忽視需要幫助的人找到了借口，使剝削合理化，令上層人優越，底層人卑微。

This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. 環境似乎旨在激發我們的最大潛能，如果我們總感覺“上天不公”，那么不太可能會自覺地努力脫離現狀。Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual。

The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible。

積極的一面是，既然萬事都取決于我們，那么就有無限可能。以前，我們能夠熟練應對種種局限；現在，我們把握著未來的可能。

寫作

2011年考研英語已經塵埃落定，寫作部分比起2010年超綱的“告示”和“變態”的火鍋，難度大為降低，現解析如下。

Part A: 小作文

Directions:

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

1) recommend one of your favorite movies and

2) give reasons for your recommendation。

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead。

Do not write the address。(10 points)

題目譯文

給你的一位朋友寫一封信

1)推薦你最喜歡的一部電影并

2)給出推薦的原因。

真題詳解

令廣大考生欣慰的是，2011年小作文并未考察大綱中已提到六年但并未考察過的摘要題型，也未考察2010年剛剛考察過的告示題型，而是考察了廣大考生最為熟悉、從2005到2009已經連續五年考察的書信。

回顧剛剛過去的2010年，中國內地電影票房成功突破100億元，成為旭日初升的朝陽產業。從年中的《唐山大地震》、《盜夢空間》、《山楂樹之戀》到年底的三大賀歲片《趙氏孤兒》、《讓子彈飛》、《非誠勿擾2》，電影已經重新成為全民關注的話題。今年的考研小作文即考察了“電影”這一熱點話題。

需要注意的是，寫給朋友的稱呼應該直呼其名，不應寫某某先生或女士。本題屬于半正式文體中的私人書信，文中最好使用3-5次縮寫、省略句或口語表達。兩點提綱可以各寫一段，第三段進行結尾。首段無需進行自我介紹，開門見山表明寫作目的即可；第二段應該分析兩到三點原因。

參考范文

Dear Bob,

As one of your closest friend, I‘m writing the letter in purpose of recommending one of my favorite movies to you, Around the World in Eighty Days。

The primary factors for my recommendation as as follows. For one thing, this is a movie of science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman,Mr. Phileas Fogg, who makes a bet with his clubmates and managers to travel around the world in eighty days. For another, it gives us a vivid description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on his journey。

Wish you enjoy the movie. Looking forward to your reply. (104 words)

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

參考譯文

鮑勃：

作為你最好的一位朋友，我寫這封信是為了向你推薦我最喜歡的電影之一：《八十天環游地球》。

我推薦的主要原因如下。首先，這是一部科幻電影，講述了一位英國紳士的一個激動人心的故事。菲力·弗格先生跟他的俱樂部伙伴打了個賭，并設法在八十天之內環游了地球。其次，電影生動描述了他在旅途中遇到的困難和發生的故事。

希望你喜歡這部電影。期待著你的回信。

你真誠的，

李明

Part B: 大作文

Direction:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay ,you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended measing, and

3) give your comments。

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

文字說明：旅程之“余”

真題詳解

不出意外，2011年大作文自2000年以來連續第十二年考察了圖畫作文題型，三點提綱也與2008年以來的提綱完全一致，考察了考研寫作六大話題之一：“環境保護”。

“環境保護”這一話題考研寫作已是第五次考察：第一次是1991年考察了提綱作文“城鄉環境差別”，第二次是1999年考察了圖表作文“保護野生物種”，第三次是2000年考察了圖畫作文“保護海洋資源”，第四次是2009年考察了書信“限制使用塑料袋”，今年是第五次考察了圖畫作文“旅游與環境”。今年的考試再次提醒廣大考生：考研寫作歷年真題是考研寫作復習的重中之重！

值得注意的是，近三年的考研寫作真題與專業四級寫作真題存在某種微妙的聯系。2007年專四寫作考察了“網絡”這一話題，兩年之后2009年考研大作文考察“網絡”；2008年專四寫作考察了“志愿者活動”這一話題，兩年之后2010年考研小作文考察了“志愿者活動”；2009年專四寫作考察了“旅游與環境”這一話題，兩年之后考研大作文再次如約考察“旅游與環境”。2010年我在班上曾經專門分析過這道題目，沒想到一語成讖。

之所以出現這種現象其實可以理解。考研寫作命題組成員多為全國各重點大學英語系教授級人物，對于英語專業學生必考的專四考試當然了如指掌。

本題文字說明是：旅程之“余”。“余”字的雙引號一語雙關，一方面指旅游之后，垃圾遍地，環境遭到嚴重污染和破壞；一方面指作為個體的”我“在旅游之中應該提高意識，潔身自好，注意愛護環境。

根據三點提綱，最好寫成三段。首段圖畫描述，越充分越好，切忌使用太多模板或萬能句型，引起閱卷教師反感。首段是最重要的段落，也是判卷教師最重視的段落，亦是考研大作文難點所在。每點提綱各占三分之一分數，即七分。首段不描述圖畫直接扣七分，歸入低分檔，切忌發表太多空洞的議論。描述越多越好，議論越少越好。首句可進行總體描述：人物+動作+環境；次句可進行細節描述，力求詳細；尾句可翻譯文字說明或點出象征寓意。

次段意義闡釋，五句左右即可。一般首句是主題句，點出象征寓意；中間進行具體論證，可從因果、舉例、正反等多方面進行論證；尾句進行小結。末段可寫成歸納結論或建議措施，呼吁人們提高公德意識，在大力發展旅游的同時，加強環境保護。

本文只要寫成與環境或環保相關即可，即使沒有提到旅游或者公德意識，也不用過多擔心。只要語言基本正確、結構比較清晰、內容沒有跑題，即可取得及格分(12分左右)；如果語言精彩、結構嚴謹、論證充分，即可高分在握(16分或以上)。祝大家夢想成真！

參考范文

As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two toursits are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnicing leftovers casually into a lake. Unfortuantely, the lake is already littered and teamed with flowing rubbish like plastic containers, fish-bones, banana skin, watermelon rind, bottles, tins, food wrappings, and so on. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: "after" the travel or "me" in the travel。

From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many popular places are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. Some people, laboring under the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic growth, seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment. Nevertheless, it is my view that these are not concerns that we can shrug off lightly. On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used。

Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income. The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable. It is high time that we enhanced people‘s awareness to rectify this by taking the environmental protection into consideration. (255 words)

參考譯文

如圖所示，兩名游客正在一艘小船上觀光，同時把野餐的剩余垃圾隨意丟入湖中。不幸的是，湖中已經堆滿了漂浮的塑料盒、魚骨、香蕉皮、西瓜皮、瓶子、罐頭、食品包裝等各色垃圾。在圖畫下方，有個小標題寫明：“旅程之‘余’”。 

從漫畫中，我們可以得出結論：畫家想要表達下述信息：成群的游客涌入很多景點，通過生產并丟棄大量的垃圾從而破壞了大自然的美觀。一方面，旅游業作為一項數十億美元的產業，正在世界各地迅猛發展。有些人認為旅游業是經濟發展的引擎，似乎忽視了其對環境的負面影響。然而，我認為我們必須充分關注這一問題。另一方面，旅游業已經對我們生存的環境造成了巨大的壓力。水受到污染，生態平衡遭到破壞，自然資源被過度開發。

毫無疑問，由于在其他收入很少的地區，旅游業確實有助于發展經濟，因此任何國家都無法禁止旅游業。重要的是旅游業毫無節制的發展可能使得經濟發展不可持續。通過考慮環境保護因素，我們早就該提高人們的意識來扭轉這個現象了。