2017翻譯碩士：中華思想文化術(shù)語翻譯選讀——經(jīng)世致用

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經(jīng)世致用(jīnɡshì-zhìyònɡ)

學(xué)術(shù)要對(duì)國(guó)家和社會(huì)的治理發(fā)揮實(shí)際效用。“經(jīng)世”即治理國(guó)家和社會(huì)事務(wù)，“致用”即發(fā)揮實(shí)際效用。17 世紀(jì)初思想家顧炎武、王夫之、黃宗羲、李颙等人倡導(dǎo)學(xué)術(shù)研究要關(guān)注現(xiàn)實(shí)，通過解釋古代典籍，闡發(fā)自己的社會(huì)政治見解，解決社會(huì)實(shí)際問題，以增進(jìn)國(guó)家治理、民生安定、社會(huì)改良。這一思想強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)的政治價(jià)值和知識(shí)分子的現(xiàn)實(shí)擔(dān)當(dāng)，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)分子講求功效、務(wù)實(shí)的思想特點(diǎn)和“以天下為己任”的情懷。

Study of Ancient Classics Should Meet Present Needs.

Learning should contribute to good governance. Jingshi (經(jīng)世) means governance of the country and society, and zhiyong (致用) refers to meeting practical needs. In the early 17th century, thinkers such as Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi, and Li Yong argued that scholarly studies should be geared to meet current needs. They held that while interpreting ancient classics, scholars should expound their views on the social and political issues of their day, solve practical problems, enhance governance of the country, improve people’s livelihood, and promote social reform. This view stressed the practical value of knowledge and the practical responsibilities of intellectuals. It reflects the pragmatic character of traditional Chinese intellectuals as well as their concern for the well-being of the people and eagerness to shoulder responsibility for the whole nation.

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【引例】

凡文之不關(guān)于“六經(jīng)”之指當(dāng)世之務(wù)者，一切不為。(顧炎武《與人書•三》)

學(xué)人貴識(shí)時(shí)務(wù)，奏議皆識(shí)一時(shí)之務(wù)者也。……道不虛談，學(xué)貴實(shí)效。學(xué)而不足以開物成務(wù)，康濟(jì)時(shí)艱，真擁衾之婦女耳，亦可羞已!(李颙《二曲集》卷七)

[先君] 益自?shī)^勵(lì)，自理學(xué)及經(jīng)世致用書，靡不究覽。(崔述《先府君行述》)

No articles should be written except those that are concerned with what the Six Classics teach us about the current state affairs. (Gu Yanwu: Letters to a Friend)

Scholars should value knowledge of current affairs. Memorials to the throne should be about such affairs... There should be no empty talk on abstract theories. The value of knowledge lies in dealing with practical matters. Scholars whose studies do not reveal the essence of things or put forward ways of coping with difficult situations should feel ashamed as an uneducated woman! (Li Yong: Collected Works of Li Yong)

My late father was very diligent. He read a wide range of works, from Neo-Confucian theories to books on dealing with practical matters. There was nothing he did not study in depth. (Cui Shu: An Account of My Late Father)