2017考研英語：翻譯解題戰(zhàn)略

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在考研英語當(dāng)中對(duì)很多考生來說最難的得分最低的就是英譯漢，這是對(duì)考生的語言應(yīng)用能力的考查，應(yīng)該注意掌握一些翻譯的技巧做好備考。英譯漢涉及到兩種語言的應(yīng)用能力，因此需要對(duì)英漢兩種語言的特點(diǎn)有個(gè)總體認(rèn)識(shí)，即英語重形合，漢語重意合 的特點(diǎn)。英語重形合，主要是指無論多么復(fù)雜的英語句子，都是通過一些語法手段和邏輯手段連接起來的“葡萄藤一樣”的結(jié)構(gòu), 因而英語多長句。考研翻譯中的所有句子基本上都是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長難句，因此理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)層次就顯得至關(guān)重要。

▶考研英語翻譯可分三步走：

第一步：劃分結(jié)構(gòu)，理清句式;

第二步：轉(zhuǎn)換詞義，組織語言;

第三步：調(diào)整語序，潤色文字。

▶劃分結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，需要對(duì)句子進(jìn)行拆分，而拆分點(diǎn)包括以下幾種：

(1)標(biāo)點(diǎn)

(2)并列連詞：and, or, but, yet, for等

(3)從屬連詞：

狀語從句連接詞(when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so that, ...等)

名詞性從句(that, whether/if等從屬連詞，who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等連接代詞和when, where, how, why等連接副詞)

定語從句(who, which, that, whom, whose等關(guān)系代詞和when, why, where等關(guān)系副詞)

(4)不定式、分詞、介詞短語

【真題例句1】

This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

【句子拆分】

拆分點(diǎn)參考：并列連詞、從屬連詞、介詞、不定式、分詞、標(biāo)點(diǎn)。

This trend began //during the Second World War, //when several governments came to the conclusion //that the specific demands //that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen //in detail.

【參考譯文】

這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。

【真題例句2】

Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic society functions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.

【句子拆分】

拆分點(diǎn)參考：標(biāo)點(diǎn)，并列連詞，從屬連詞。

Of course,// some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, //but a free and democratic society functions best //when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.

【參考譯文】

當(dāng)然，某些規(guī)定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有當(dāng)社會(huì)讓民眾通過自己的理智判斷而非政府管制去解決道德難題時(shí)，一個(gè)自由民主的社會(huì)才能最大限地發(fā)揮其功能。