2017考研英語(yǔ)時(shí)文閱讀：誰(shuí)最怕油價(jià)跌

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ALONG with bank runs and market crashes, oil shocks have rare power to set monsters loose. Starting with the Arab oil embargo of 1973, people have learnt that sudden surges in the price of oil cause economic havoc. Conversely, when the price slumps because of a glut, as in 1986, it has done the world a power of good. The rule of thumb is that a 10% fall in oil prices boosts growth by 0.1-0.5 percentage points.

除了銀行擠兌和(金融)市場(chǎng)崩盤，如猛獸一般破籠而出的還有油價(jià)大跌。從1973年阿拉伯石油禁運(yùn)開始，人們就懂得油價(jià)飆升將導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)浩劫。相反，正如1986年那樣，油價(jià)若是因?yàn)楣┻^(guò)于求而跌價(jià)，那么這對(duì)全世界來(lái)說(shuō)是極好的。經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則是這樣的：原油掉價(jià)10%，會(huì)帶來(lái)0.1%到0.5%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。

In the past 18 months the price has fallen by 75%, from $110 a barrel to below $27. Yet this time the benefits are less certain. Although consumers have gained, producers are suffering grievously. The effects are spilling into financial markets, and could yet depress consumer confidence. Perhaps the benefits of such ultra-cheap oil still outweigh the costs, but markets have fallen so far so fast that even this is no longer clear.

過(guò)去的18個(gè)月里，原油油價(jià)降了75%，從每桶110美元降到每桶27美元。然而這一次的受益卻不太確定。盡管消費(fèi)者們受益頗多，但是生產(chǎn)商卻損失慘重。損失波及金融市場(chǎng)，可能已經(jīng)打擊了消費(fèi)者信心，也許如此極度廉價(jià)的原油所帶來(lái)的益處依舊大于其帶來(lái)的損失，但是金融市場(chǎng)崩潰地如此厲害如此迅速，這一點(diǎn)原因還尚未明朗。