考研語法小知識：語法一致原則

考研英語來源：中公考研 2015-12-29　

語法一致原則是指句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上一致，即通常情況下，謂語動詞的單復數形式依主語的單復數形式而定，主語為單數形式時謂語動詞用單數形式，主語為復數形式時謂語動詞也用復數形式。具體內容請看下文。

1. 以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：(1)若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3. 主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

4. either， neither， each， every 或no +單數名詞和由some， any， no， every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：(1)在口語中當either或neither后跟有“of+復數名詞(或代詞)”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復數。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它后面的名詞是復數，它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

5. 在定語從句時，關系代詞that， who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people， police， cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意：a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復數名詞，謂語用復數;the number of“……的數量”，主語是number，謂語用單數。

8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.